How do I recognise enlarged adenoids in my child?
The typical picture is a permanently blocked nose: the child breathes through the mouth, sleeps restlessly, snores and often sounds nasal. The runny nose seems chronic although there is no acute infection.
Ear symptoms are common as well, because an enlarged adenoid blocks ventilation of the middle ear: recurrent middle ear infections or fluid buildup (effusion, glue ear) with reduced hearing.
- Mouth breathing during the day and at night
- Snoring, restless sleep, daytime tiredness
- Constantly blocked nose, nasal-sounding speech
- Recurrent middle ear infections or fluid in the ear
Do adenoids always have to be removed?
No. Enlarged adenoids (polyps) often shrink by themselves during school age, and mild findings without relevant symptoms are simply monitored. Nasal breathing and any accompanying allergy are treated first.
Surgery is considered for persistent mouth breathing, breathing pauses during sleep, long-standing effusion with reduced hearing or frequent middle ear infections. The decision is based on the findings and made together with the parents.
How does an adenoidectomy work?
Adenoidectomy is a short procedure under general anaesthesia performed in a hospital. The enlarged adenoid is removed through the mouth; there are no external incisions or scars. Fluid in the middle ear is often drained at the same time and, if needed, an ear tube (grommet) is inserted.
For a few days afterwards a sore throat, mild bad breath and slightly bloody nasal mucus are possible, and physical rest is recommended. Follow-up including a hearing test can take place in the practice.